Theory of Technology

On Adam Smith and a Theory of Technology

Karol I. Pelc

Abstract

Review of definitions and theoretical works concerning technology suggests that different disciplinary frameworks lead to very different interpretations of that basic term. These interpretations are presented in the literature of such disciplines as economics, philosophy, sociology, psychology etc. In search for coherent background and a model of technology, a study of Adam Smith’s (1723 – 1790) historic works and statements was conducted. A hypothesis is formulated that Smith’s economic, social, ethical and legal concepts are relevant to contemporary theory of technology. This connection has been explored. Even though the term technology has never appeared in the Smith’s writings, his concepts refer to multiple aspects of technology and its impact on society. These concepts include: barter and exchange, division of labor, arts and manufactures, inventions, patents, and utility. Mapping of those concepts into a set of attributes of technology, as an object of management, is proposed. It is graphically demonstrated and described.

Keywords: Adam Smith, technology attributes, technology definition, technology model, technology theory, economics history.